DEEPKI INDEX
Put energy and carbon performance into context
From benchmarking to due diligence, leverage the most trusted sustainability reference for commercial real estate.
Explore the Deepki Index
Geography
- Europe
- United States
Region
- europe
- benelux
- france
- germany
- italy
- spain
- united kingdom
Region
- california
- texas
- north east
- florida
- midwest
- new york city
Publication Year*
- 2025
- 2024
- 2023
- 2022
Indicator
- Primary energy consumption
- Final energy consumption
- CO2 emissions
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 175 | 97 | 66 |
| office | 242 | 171 | 132 |
| housing | 214 | 138 | 105 |
| hotel | 349 | 251 | 198 |
| health | 292 | 218 | 177 |
| retail | 346 | 210 | 160 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 157 | 87 | 57 |
| office | 216 | 168 | 134 |
| housing | 205 | 175 | 138 |
| hotel | 314 | 255 | 205 |
| health | 256 | 189 | 143 |
| retail | 323 | 252 | 193 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 183 | 91 | 62 |
| office | 258 | 188 | 148 |
| housing | 281 | 198 | 156 |
| hotel | 427 | 297 | 226 |
| health | 340 | 256 | 207 |
| retail | 374 | 201 | 151 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 156 | 111 | 81 |
| office | 179 | 137 | 110 |
| housing | 123 | 100 | 84 |
| hotel | 296 | 246 | 203 |
| health | 225 | 186 | 158 |
| retail | 256 | 197 | 161 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 210 | 133 | 93 |
| office | 316 | 238 | 189 |
| housing | 175 | 140 | 111 |
| hotel | 387 | 305 | 241 |
| health | 353 | 264 | 210 |
| retail | 466 | 313 | 235 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 181 | 111 | 77 |
| office | 245 | 192 | 153 |
| housing | 269 | 199 | 152 |
| hotel | 327 | 254 | 203 |
| health | 300 | 242 | 200 |
| retail | 449 | 299 | 219 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 170 | 109 | 78 |
| office | 265 | 199 | 157 |
| housing | 285 | 242 | 197 |
| hotel | 344 | 268 | 208 |
| health | 291 | 289 | 237 |
| retail | 291 | 211 | 166 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 24 | 14 | 9 |
| office | 46 | 32 | 24 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 25 | 14 | 9 |
| office | 45 | 31 | 24 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 29 | 17 | 11 |
| office | 54 | 37 | 28 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 23 | 14 | 9 |
| office | 42 | 30 | 23 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 31 | 18 | 12 |
| office | 57 | 39 | 29 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 30 | 17 | 11 |
| office | 56 | 38 | 28 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 101 | 56 | 38 |
| office | 141 | 101 | 80 |
| housing | 142 | 101 | 80 |
| hotel | 214 | 157 | 124 |
| health | 194 | 149 | 122 |
| retail | 189 | 121 | 93 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 101 | 59 | 40 |
| office | 149 | 117 | 96 |
| housing | 147 | 131 | 105 |
| hotel | 232 | 191 | 156 |
| health | 196 | 149 | 117 |
| retail | 198 | 156 | 116 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 89 | 46 | 32 |
| office | 121 | 90 | 72 |
| housing | 177 | 137 | 112 |
| hotel | 207 | 148 | 114 |
| health | 190 | 148 | 123 |
| retail | 169 | 91 | 69 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 106 | 77 | 56 |
| office | 128 | 99 | 80 |
| housing | 111 | 91 | 76 |
| hotel | 208 | 175 | 146 |
| health | 175 | 146 | 125 |
| retail | 169 | 133 | 111 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 95 | 61 | 44 |
| office | 149 | 116 | 94 |
| housing | 94 | 79 | 66 |
| hotel | 193 | 156 | 125 |
| health | 208 | 160 | 129 |
| retail | 205 | 138 | 105 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 79 | 49 | 34 |
| office | 107 | 85 | 68 |
| housing | 132 | 103 | 82 |
| hotel | 164 | 130 | 106 |
| health | 154 | 129 | 107 |
| retail | 192 | 128 | 94 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 123 | 79 | 57 |
| office | 194 | 146 | 116 |
| housing | 198 | 170 | 139 |
| hotel | 267 | 209 | 162 |
| health | 235 | 235 | 192 |
| retail | 213 | 156 | 124 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| office | 18 | 13 | 10 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 11 | 7 | 5 |
| office | 18 | 13 | 10 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 13 | 8 | 5 |
| office | 21 | 15 | 11 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| office | 17 | 12 | 9 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 14 | 9 | 6 |
| office | 22 | 16 | 12 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/ft² |
Top 30% kWhFE/ft² |
Top 15% kWhFE/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 13 | 8 | 5 |
| office | 22 | 15 | 12 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 20,8 | 10,2 | 6,1 |
| office | 29,6 | 18 | 11 |
| housing | 25,9 | 17,8 | 13,6 |
| hotel | 43,4 | 27,8 | 18,6 |
| health | 35,8 | 25,5 | 19 |
| retail | 39,4 | 23,3 | 13,4 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 21,4 | 12,2 | 8,4 |
| office | 32,4 | 22,7 | 18,1 |
| housing | 31,5 | 26,2 | 21 |
| hotel | 46,2 | 35,3 | 28,4 |
| health | 35,5 | 25,6 | 20,1 |
| retail | 44,5 | 32,4 | 21,7 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 8,4 | 4,2 | 2,9 |
| office | 10,0 | 7,1 | 5,6 |
| housing | 19,9 | 13,1 | 9,3 |
| hotel | 18,8 | 12,8 | 9,6 |
| health | 21,0 | 15,4 | 12,1 |
| retail | 14,1 | 7,3 | 5,5 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 29,1 | 20,5 | 14,8 |
| office | 38,3 | 29,1 | 23 |
| housing | 24,1 | 17,9 | 14,4 |
| hotel | 61,0 | 50,3 | 41,3 |
| health | 42,0 | 33,5 | 28 |
| retail | 48,5 | 36,9 | 29,6 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 25,1 | 16 | 11,2 |
| office | 38,0 | 29 | 23,3 |
| housing | 21,5 | 17,5 | 14 |
| hotel | 47,2 | 37,6 | 29,8 |
| health | 45,0 | 34,1 | 27,2 |
| retail | 55,2 | 37,2 | 28 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 13,3 | 8,2 | 5,7 |
| office | 18,0 | 14,2 | 11,4 |
| housing | 22,1 | 17,2 | 13,6 |
| hotel | 27,3 | 21,7 | 17,6 |
| health | 25,7 | 21,4 | 17,9 |
| retail | 32,4 | 21,6 | 15,9 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 22,9 | 14,7 | 10,5 |
| office | 36,0 | 27,1 | 21,5 |
| housing | 37,7 | 32,2 | 26,4 |
| hotel | 48,1 | 37,6 | 29,2 |
| health | 41,6 | 41,5 | 34 |
| retail | 39,4 | 28,8 | 22,8 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 |
| office | 3.7 | 2.6 | 2 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 3.5 | 2 | 1.4 |
| office | 6.1 | 4.3 | 3.3 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.3 |
| office | 5.7 | 4 | 3 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 3.3 | 2 | 1.3 |
| office | 5.7 | 4.1 | 3.1 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 5.6 | 3.3 | 2.1 |
| office | 10.2 | 7 | 5.2 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/ft² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/ft² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| office | 4.7 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 183 | 97 | 63 |
| office | 255 | 172 | 132 |
| housing | 215 | 138 | 99 |
| hotel | 365 | 253 | 192 |
| health | 304 | 222 | 178 |
| retail | 377 | 200 | 147 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 161 | 91 | 59 |
| office | 233 | 182 | 144 |
| housing | 203 | 162 | 118 |
| hotel | 341 | 264 | 199 |
| health | 247 | 174 | 132 |
| retail | 284 | 172 | 125 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 183 | 79 | 50 |
| office | 260 | 187 | 146 |
| housing | 288 | 188 | 142 |
| hotel | 418 | 286 | 216 |
| health | 349 | 261 | 210 |
| retail | 437 | 221 | 154 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 174 | 126 | 92 |
| office | 191 | 148 | 119 |
| housing | 151 | 120 | 95 |
| hotel | 351 | 255 | 193 |
| health | 239 | 191 | 159 |
| retail | 292 | 201 | 156 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 238 | 164 | 114 |
| office | 335 | 239 | 182 |
| housing | 130** | 87** | 62** |
| hotel | 380 | 293 | 224 |
| health | 370 | 258 | 207 |
| retail | 541 | 333 | 242 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 178 | 104 | 69 |
| office | 247 | 182 | 139 |
| housing | 286 | 217 | 167 |
| hotel | 324 | 254 | 206 |
| health | 325 | 251 | 200 |
| retail | 455 | 281 | 206 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 162 | 93 | 63 |
| office | 292 | 209 | 163 |
| housing | 270 | 233 | 193 |
| hotel | 360 | 294 | 231 |
| health | 307 | 307 | 248 |
| retail | 310 | 188 | 147 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 107 | 58 | 37 |
| office | 150 | 102 | 79 |
| housing | 146 | 100 | 73 |
| hotel | 226 | 153 | 116 |
| health | 198 | 150 | 122 |
| retail | 207 | 119 | 88 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 103 | 63 | 42 |
| office | 157 | 124 | 102 |
| housing | 149 | 125 | 94 |
| hotel | 242 | 188 | 146 |
| health | 177 | 133 | 104 |
| retail | 175 | 107 | 80 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 89 | 40 | 25 |
| office | 122 | 89 | 71 |
| housing | 174 | 123 | 96 |
| hotel | 202 | 142 | 109 |
| health | 199 | 155 | 128 |
| retail | 197 | 100 | 70 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 119 | 87 | 64 |
| office | 137 | 107 | 86 |
| housing | 128 | 103 | 83 |
| hotel | 243 | 178 | 135 |
| health | 187 | 152 | 128 |
| retail | 197 | 139 | 109 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 115 | 80 | 57 |
| office | 157 | 114 | 88 |
| housing | 75** | 53** | 39** |
| hotel | 192 | 152 | 118 |
| health | 211 | 152 | 124 |
| retail | 237 | 146 | 107 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 77 | 45 | 30 |
| office | 110 | 82 | 65 |
| housing | 140 | 112 | 90 |
| hotel | 154 | 124 | 102 |
| health | 153 | 123 | 100 |
| retail | 200 | 125 | 93 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 120 | 69 | 47 |
| office | 213 | 154 | 120 |
| housing | 206 | 181 | 151 |
| hotel | 286 | 234 | 185 |
| health | 240 | 242 | 196 |
| retail | 230 | 144 | 113 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 22,3 | 10 | 5,1 |
| office | 30,4 | 17,9 | 10 |
| housing | 27,6 | 18,3 | 12,8 |
| hotel | 46,1 | 26,6 | 16,7 |
| health | 38,8 | 27,6 | 20,6 |
| retail | 41,7 | 21,4 | 12,2 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 23,4 | 14,1 | 9,7 |
| office | 35,1 | 25,2 | 20,2 |
| housing | 31,7 | 25,3 | 19,4 |
| hotel | 53,1 | 38 | 29,9 |
| health | 37,5 | 27,2 | 21,7 |
| retail | 40 | 22,2 | 15,4 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 7,6 | 3 | 1,8 |
| office | 9,3 | 5,8 | 4,5 |
| housing | 23,1 | 13,7 | 9,1 |
| hotel | 17 | 10 | 7,3 |
| health | 24,1 | 16,9 | 11,9 |
| retail | 13,1 | 6,1 | 4,2 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 32,6 | 23,6 | 17,2 |
| office | 36,4 | 28,3 | 22,7 |
| housing | 29,1 | 23,1 | 18,5 |
| hotel | 66 | 48,1 | 36,3 |
| health | 45 | 36 | 30 |
| retail | 54,5 | 37,5 | 29 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 27,6 | 19,3 | 13,5 |
| office | 38,2 | 27,7 | 21,3 |
| housing | 16,8** | 11,8** | 8,6** |
| hotel | 45,2 | 35,6 | 27,4 |
| health | 47,3 | 33,8 | 27,5 |
| retail | 59,3 | 36,5 | 26,7 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 11,6 | 6,7 | 4,5 |
| office | 16,7 | 12,5 | 9,8 |
| housing | 22,4 | 17,7 | 14,1 |
| hotel | 24,3 | 19,4 | 15,9 |
| health | 24 | 19,2 | 15,6 |
| retail | 30,1 | 18,8 | 14 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 23,7 | 13,7 | 9,4 |
| office | 42,4 | 30,6 | 23,8 |
| housing | 40,9 | 35,8 | 30,1 |
| hotel | 56,7 | 46,5 | 36,7 |
| health | 47,7 | 48 | 39 |
| retail | 45,8 | 28,6 | 22,5 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 211 | 105 | 68 |
| office | 269 | 182 | 140 |
| housing | 209 | 134 | 98 |
| hotel | 347 | 229 | 172 |
| health | 323 | 225 | 176 |
| retail | 339 | 173 | 122 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 187 | 109 | 72 |
| office | 260 | 202 | 163 |
| housing | 192 | 175 | 135 |
| hotel | 316 | 253 | 194 |
| health | 279 | 193 | 153 |
| retail | 325 | 163 | 112 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 204 | 90 | 57 |
| office | 281 | 195 | 151 |
| housing | 280 | 180 | 135 |
| hotel | 411 | 287 | 217 |
| health | 365 | 272 | 217 |
| retail | 497 | 268 | 192 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 206 | 136 | 97 |
| office | 222 | 165 | 129 |
| housing | 147 | 114 | 88 |
| hotel | 275 | 214 | 165 |
| health | 232 | 184 | 147 |
| retail | 229 | 145 | 108 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 244 | 137 | 92 |
| office | 351 | 242 | 184 |
| housing | 137** | 103** | 78** |
| hotel | 417 | 316 | 239 |
| health | 389 | 251 | 198 |
| retail | 432 | 280 | 211 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 189 | 105 | 68 |
| office | 231 | 176 | 139 |
| housing | 276 | 192 | 143 |
| hotel | 303 | 233 | 182 |
| health | 332 | 259 | 212 |
| retail | 317 | 201 | 157 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 217 | 118 | 75 |
| office | 292 | 207 | 157 |
| housing | 256 | 217 | 182 |
| hotel | 370 | 271 | 198 |
| health | 375 | 359 | 283 |
| retail | 299 | 155 | 115 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 123 | 61 | 39 |
| office | 160 | 108 | 82 |
| housing | 150 | 100 | 73 |
| hotel | 211 | 139 | 104 |
| health | 214 | 151 | 118 |
| retail | 181 | 96 | 70 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 106 | 62 | 42 |
| office | 160 | 128 | 105 |
| housing | 133 | 130 | 102 |
| hotel | 192 | 156 | 121 |
| health | 175 | 125 | 99 |
| retail | 178 | 95 | 67 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 100 | 46 | 30 |
| office | 134 | 95 | 74 |
| housing | 183 | 127 | 98 |
| hotel | 198 | 141 | 109 |
| health | 208 | 161 | 133 |
| retail | 224 | 121 | 87 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 136 | 92 | 66 |
| office | 160 | 120 | 95 |
| housing | 134 | 104 | 80 |
| hotel | 204 | 159 | 124 |
| health | 188 | 152 | 117 |
| retail | 145 | 89 | 68 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 117 | 68 | 47 |
| office | 169 | 120 | 92 |
| housing | 81** | 65** | 51** |
| hotel | 212 | 163 | 125 |
| health | 225 | 145 | 115 |
| retail | 191 | 123 | 93 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 85 | 48 | 32 |
| office | 100 | 77 | 61 |
| housing | 142 | 104 | 79 |
| hotel | 135 | 105 | 83 |
| health | 168 | 137 | 115 |
| retail | 136 | 87 | 69 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 160 | 87 | 56 |
| office | 216 | 154 | 117 |
| housing | 214 | 184 | 155 |
| hotel | 289 | 213 | 156 |
| health | 299 | 291 | 230 |
| retail | 217 | 113 | 84 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 24,5 | 10,4 | 5,6 |
| office | 30,9 | 17,7 | 10,2 |
| housing | 27,0 | 17,8 | 12,8 |
| hotel | 39,2 | 22,5 | 14,1 |
| health | 39,3 | 26,1 | 19,4 |
| retail | 33,2 | 16,2 | 10,4 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 23,5 | 14,1 | 9,4 |
| office | 35,4 | 26,9 | 21,5 |
| housing | 27,8 | 26,6 | 20,4 |
| hotel | 41,6 | 33,9 | 26,4 |
| health | 37,0 | 26,8 | 22,0 |
| retail | 37,9 | 21,0 | 14,6 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 8,2 | 3,5 | 2,2 |
| office | 10,3 | 6,3 | 4,9 |
| housing | 24,3 | 15,1 | 10,6 |
| hotel | 15,4 | 9,6 | 7,2 |
| health | 22,6 | 15,6 | 11,5 |
| retail | 14,2 | 7,1 | 5,1 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 35,2 | 23,4 | 16,7 |
| office | 39,5 | 29,5 | 23,2 |
| housing | 27,7 | 21,4 | 16,5 |
| hotel | 48,5 | 37,7 | 29,2 |
| health | 41,1 | 32,7 | 25,8 |
| retail | 39,1 | 24,6 | 18,4 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 26,7 | 15,5 | 10,5 |
| office | 38,6 | 27,3 | 20,9 |
| housing | 17,4** | 13,8** | 10,7** |
| hotel | 47,4 | 36,4 | 27,9 |
| health | 47,9 | 31,0 | 24,7 |
| retail | 45,2 | 29,2 | 22,0 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 13,1 | 7,5 | 4,9 |
| office | 15,3 | 11,7 | 9,3 |
| housing | 22,7 | 16,6 | 12,6 |
| hotel | 20,8 | 16,1 | 12,7 |
| health | 27,0 | 22,0 | 18,3 |
| retail | 20,7 | 13,2 | 10,4 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 30,4 | 16,5 | 10,6 |
| office | 40,9 | 29,1 | 22,2 |
| housing | 40,0 | 34,4 | 29,0 |
| hotel | 54,3 | 40,0 | 29,2 |
| health | 56,0 | 54,5 | 43,0 |
| retail | 41,2 | 21,5 | 16,0 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 216 | 113 | 74 |
| office | 278 | 188 | 146 |
| housing | 229 | 141 | 100 |
| hotel | 300 | 196 | 148 |
| health | 330 | 229 | 174 |
| retail | 357 | 169 | 118 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 192 | 112 | 72 |
| office | 291 | 209 | 164 |
| housing | 218 | 185 | 135 |
| hotel | 290 | 233 | 179 |
| health | 281 | 160 | 119 |
| retail | 362 | 189 | 129 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 224 | 105 | 67 |
| office | 296 | 204 | 156 |
| housing | 314 | 206 | 156 |
| hotel | 381 | 255 | 190 |
| health | 385 | 285 | 229 |
| retail | 497 | 262 | 186 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 200 | 134 | 97 |
| office | 234 | 177 | 139 |
| housing | 170 | 136 | 101 |
| hotel | 227 | 192 | 155 |
| health | 250 | 193 | 151 |
| retail | 239 | 136 | 98 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 270 | 170 | 117 |
| office | 341 | 233 | 176 |
| housing | 149** | 105** | 77** |
| hotel | 344 | 246 | 179 |
| health | 412 | 257 | 196 |
| retail | 468 | 278 | 205 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 189 | 115 | 76 |
| office | 227 | 173 | 136 |
| housing | 251 | 156 | 108 |
| hotel | 218 | 169 | 133 |
| health | 330 | 252 | 204 |
| retail | 315 | 187 | 146 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 218 | 124 | 80 |
| office | 297 | 211 | 163 |
| housing | 287 | 217 | 165 |
| hotel | 351 | 259 | 191 |
| health | 361 | 366 | 287 |
| retail | 339 | 149 | 106 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 126 | 66 | 43 |
| office | 168 | 113 | 87 |
| housing | 162 | 103 | 72 |
| hotel | 182 | 120 | 89 |
| health | 222 | 158 | 119 |
| retail | 195 | 96 | 70 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 108 | 65 | 43 |
| office | 177 | 132 | 104 |
| housing | 140 | 126 | 93 |
| hotel | 177 | 145 | 112 |
| health | 178 | 100 | 77 |
| retail | 200 | 115 | 80 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 111 | 54 | 35 |
| office | 143 | 100 | 78 |
| housing | 206 | 145 | 113 |
| hotel | 188 | 130 | 99 |
| health | 224 | 173 | 143 |
| retail | 225 | 118 | 85 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 135 | 93 | 68 |
| office | 172 | 132 | 105 |
| housing | 140 | 114 | 86 |
| hotel | 165 | 140 | 114 |
| health | 203 | 159 | 121 |
| retail | 157 | 91 | 66 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 132 | 86 | 61 |
| office | 170 | 119 | 91 |
| housing | 90** | 67** | 51** |
| hotel | 180 | 131 | 96 |
| health | 232 | 150 | 115 |
| retail | 209 | 124 | 93 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 81 | 50 | 33 |
| office | 102 | 79 | 63 |
| housing | 131 | 85 | 61 |
| hotel | 96 | 75 | 59 |
| health | 173 | 139 | 115 |
| retail | 139 | 83 | 66 |
| Sector | Average kWhFE/m² |
Top 30% kWhFE/m² |
Top 15% kWhFE/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 162 | 93 | 60 |
| office | 220 | 157 | 122 |
| housing | 238 | 181 | 138 |
| hotel | 264 | 196 | 145 |
| health | 302 | 308 | 244 |
| retail | 250 | 112 | 80 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 26,6 | 12,1 | 6,6 |
| office | 34,7 | 20,1 | 11,9 |
| housing | 31,3 | 19,5 | 13,5 |
| hotel | 36,2 | 21,1 | 13,3 |
| health | 42,8 | 28,1 | 20,8 |
| retail | 39,0 | 17,3 | 11,0 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 26,6 | 16,1 | 10,7 |
| office | 44,8 | 29,3 | 22,6 |
| housing | 31,8 | 27,8 | 20,1 |
| hotel | 43,2 | 33,9 | 24,9 |
| health | 40,3 | 25,2 | 19,9 |
| retail | 47,4 | 26,1 | 17,5 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 9,4 | 4,1 | 2,6 |
| office | 11,4 | 6,9 | 5,3 |
| housing | 27,6 | 17,3 | 12,1 |
| hotel | 15,8 | 9,5 | 7,0 |
| health | 25,5 | 17,9 | 13,2 |
| retail | 14,9 | 7,1 | 5,1 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 37,1 | 24,9 | 18,1 |
| office | 44,5 | 33,8 | 26,7 |
| housing | 33,0 | 26,5 | 19,7 |
| hotel | 42,6 | 36,0 | 29,2 |
| health | 46,3 | 35,6 | 28,0 |
| retail | 44,9 | 25,6 | 18,5 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 31,4 | 20,2 | 14,2 |
| office | 40,1 | 27,9 | 21,3 |
| housing | 19,7** | 14,5** | 10,9** |
| hotel | 41,7 | 30,2 | 22,2 |
| health | 51?9 | 33,2 | 25,5 |
| retail | 51,8 | 30,9 | 22,9 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 15,6 | 9,5 | 6,3 |
| office | 19,6 | 15,2 | 12,1 |
| housing | 24,8 | 16,2 | 11,5 |
| hotel | 18,3 | 14,3 | 11,3 |
| health | 32,8 | 26,3 | 21,7 |
| retail | 26,6 | 16,0 | 12,6 |
| Sector | Average kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 30% kgCO2eq/m² |
Top 15% kgCO2eq/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| logistic | 32,4 | 18,5 | 12,0 |
| office | 44,0 | 31,5 | 24,4 |
| housing | 46,1 | 35,0 | 26,8 |
| hotel | 52,5 | 38,9 | 28,7 |
| health | 58,0 | 59,2 | 46,8 |
| retail | 50,0 | 22,3 | 15,9 |
*Based on the previous year’s energy consumption. **Common & collective consumption only.
What is the Deepki Index?
Our index provides real, market-based benchmarks for energy use and carbon emissions in commercial real estate. It highlights the average, top 30%, and top 15% of performance across building typologies, helping the industry measure progress and align with frameworks such as the European Taxonomy, or compare against resources like CBECS.
Developed with leading industry bodies, the index is built on verified, audit-ready data rather than estimates, giving real estate stakeholders a reliable point of reference.
Its purpose is to bring clarity and comparability to a fragmented market, while supporting the transition toward lower-carbon real estate. We continue to expand the index with new partners, and welcome organizations that want to contribute data and expertise.
Visit our FAQ for more information.
Rely on a proven methodology
Database
Quality control
Aggregation
Conversion
Benchmarks based on actual consumption data
Our database comprises automatically collected energy consumption data from 400,000+ assets owned or occupied by our clients using the Deepki platform, aligned with the highest data quality and security standards (ISAE 3000 Type II).
Rigorous quality checks to build the most reliable statistical sample
Leveraging our audited methodology and extensive expertise in real estate energy consumption, statistics, and data science, we apply advanced quality control to refine our extensive database into a statistically reliable sample, ensuring perfect data coverage.
6 typologies based on the analysis of 60+ building types
The diversity of the buildings monitored by our clients in Deepki, both in terms of commercial usage and energy consumption, ensures that the aggregation of the typologies used for the Deepki Index is the most representative of the European and U.S. commercial real estate markets.
Precise conversion process enabled by real data
By collecting real energy consumption data at the meter level, the exact energy mix of each building can be known and enables us to produce very precise conversions in primary energy and CO2eq emissions, using internationally recognized emission factors (e.g. IEA) and national primary energy factors.
The Deepki Index is much more than just a tool: it is the benchmark that the market needs to transform its ambitions into concrete actions.
Sandrine Fauconnet
Senior Associate, ESG & Sustainability Stoneweg
Get even deeper insights in Deepki
Data estimations
Fill data gaps with advanced estimations based on 20+ building subtypes in 20+ countries.
Benchmarking
Compare the performance of your buildings to your peers, based on 20+ building subtypes in 20+ countries.
Any questions?
Get in touch to learn more about the index and how to use it.